What are the working principles and characteristics of turning?
Working principles of turning:
On a lathe, the shape and size of a workpiece are changed by rotating the workpiece and moving the tool linearly or curvilinearly to shape it to meet the requirements of the drawing.
Turning is a method of cutting a workpiece on a lathe by rotating the workpiece relative to the tool. The cutting energy in turning is mainly provided by the workpiece rather than the tool. Turning is the most basic and common cutting method and plays a very important role. role in manufacturing. Turning is suitable for processing rotating surfaces. Most workpieces with rotating surfaces can be processed by turning, such as internal and external cylindrical surfaces, internal and external conical surfaces, end surfaces, grooves, threads and rotating molding surfaces. turning tools are mainly used.
Turning performance:
(1) Turning is suitable for processing various internal and external rotating surfaces. The machining accuracy range is IT13~IT6, and the Ra value of the surface roughness is 12.5~1.6. (2) The turning tool has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, which facilitates the selection of tool materials and geometric angles according to the processing requirements. The turning tool is also convenient to sharpen, assemble and disassemble.
(3) Turning is easily adapted to the structure, material, production batch, etc. of the workpiece, and is widely used. In addition to turning various steels, cast iron and non-ferrous metals, it can also process non-metals such as. for example, fiberglass, fabric-reinforced bakelite and nylon. For some non-ferrous metals that are not suitable for grinding, diamond turning tools can be used for fine processing, which can achieve high machining accuracy and very small surface roughness values.
(4) Except for the uneven allowance on the surface of the workpiece, most of the turning is continuous cutting of equal cross sections. Therefore, the cutting force changes little, the cutting process is stable, which is conducive to high-speed cutting and strong cutting. And has high production efficiency.
